Alright. This is pretty advanced shit right here. This scale of device can and will produce a multi-megawatt pulse of ionizing EM radiation that causes irreversible damage to computerized or electronic equipment. Even basic items like electric motors can get fucked up because of induced currents. This device requires LETHAL amounts of electrical energy and must not be attempted unless you are used to working with this kind of current! I take no responsibility for any harm or damage caused attempting to construct or utilize this device. It is also probably illegal, depending on state laws this sort of discharge falls under radio broadcasting legislation. Does that tell you how powerful it is? I'm providing you with semidetailed schematics with references made only to the major components. It uses a low-cost open air spark switch, for optimum results a gas filled or isodoped switch is required.
Here's an oooooold photo and basic schematic that I'd cut out of a journal a year or two back, and now have scanned for you. It's the only record I've found of this kind of device, never heard anything since. It's what inspired me, and based off their original investigations I worked this baby out.
THEORY:
A capacitor is charged from a current source to an energy source over a period of time. Once it reaches a certain charge, it empties itself into a resonant circuit. Much like a fuse, a piece of nichrome wire briding two terminals is vaporised in microseconds, breaking the current flow through circuit inductance. A powerful, unmoderated wave is generated at the natural frequency and associated harmonics of this circuit. Caution! The vaporising wire creates extreme heat and some shrapnel of molten metal as well. Never point this at a person! The frequency is determined by the intrinsic inductance of the capacitor (about 20 nanohenries).
Focusing or radiation of the wave can be achieved with a metal parabolic reflector or horn. My first tests were done with a stainless steel mixing bowl and my younger brother's trombone. I've seen this used with a lumped half-wave antenna center-fed from a coil of the resonant circuit. The antenna was constructed of two quarter-wave sections at the resonant frequency of the circuit, and were simple copper coils of the correct length. The antenna has two radiating lobes parallel to it's length or on the broadside. There is minimum radiation emitted from axial point or the ends because of the toroidal nature of flux discharges, so don't bother trying that. When testing, you can hold a fluorescent tube at ever increasing distances to get an idea of effective range - It will pulse brightly when the wire is vaporised.
This test system produces quite conservative 1-megawatt pulses and is radiated by a conical section antenna consisting of a parabolic reflector that can be any diameter between 100 and 300mm for best results. I used a 100, because it was cheaper. You'll also need a .5 microfarad low-inductance capacitor if you want to use a fast-charge system, and it will need to be modified. The power supply used is extre***y dangerous, and uses a Cockroft-Walton voltage multiplier, the kind of which was used in the first atom smasher. Since you only need one shot to knock out whatever it is you want to, I won't go into building the 20-second fast charger because it's so incredibly fucking dangerous I've only ever built one myself.
CAPACITOR:
The capacitor used for this application must have very low inherant inductance and discharge resistance. It must also be fucking big, so it can give you the juice you need. Unfortunately, these two things are usually mutually exclusive, and you're going to need a special kind, so expect to spend most of your money on this part. The capacitor used here is a .5mfd at 50, 000V with .03microhenry series inductance. our target fundamental frequency is 1Mhz. The overall system energy is 400 joules, as determined by E=0.5CV^2, with E at 40kV.
INDUCTOR:
A low frequency radio pulse inductor is easily built. The inductance shown at L1 is a lumping of all stray connecting leads, the spark switch, the b*****wire, and the inherent inductance of the capacitor. This inductance resonates all over the show, and must be able to handle the high-discharge current pulse (I). The value of the lump is around .05 to .1 uH. The conductor sizes must take into account the effect the high-pulse current, ideally equal to V(C/L)^0.5. This fast current transition wants to flow on the conductor surface thanks to the high-frequency skin effect.
You may use a multi-turn inductor for experimenting with lower frequencies along with a coupled antenna. Dimensions are determined by the air inductance formula L = (10D^2N^2)/l, where D is the diameter in centimetres, l is the length in centimetres and N is the number of turns. A coil from 3 turns of 10mm copper tubing on a 75mm diameter, spread out to 15cm will have a calculated inductance of .3H.
SPARK SWITCH:
The spark gap switches the energy from the capacitor into the inductor where a 'resonant tank' is momentarily set up. The current rise time occurs over the period pi/2(LC)^-5. The gap seperation distance is set to fire at the desired breakdown voltage. The impedance of the spark switch is determined by the equation Z
sp = (kl)/Q, where K equals 0.8e-3, l equals the spark gap distance in centimetres and Q is coloumbs (A/s) of discharge. The gap is self-firing and requires no external triggering. The gap assembly is an integral part of the discharge path and must be constructed to minimize inductance and resistance. You will notice that the bottom sphere of the spark gap switch is at a high potential and is made adjustable by a threaded rod and locking jam nut scheme. The top ball also uses a threaded rod that fits the 3/4 inch PVC tubing used for the structural support of the wire disruption scheme.
Low-inductance extention-pieces are used to lengthen the capacitor terminals and are fabricated from 1/4" brass plates with drilled holes to mate to the original block. The edges are rounded and smoothed to prevent corona. The open-air, self-triggering spark switch is intended as a low-cost approach to this crucial part, if you want to build bigger and better, I once again recommend a gas-filled or isodoped switch, as they switch faster then air.
DISRUPTION SWITCH
This is where the stored energy in the circuit inductance is released as an explosion of electromagnetic energy at broadband proportions. The released energy is a function of LI^2 where I is the current rise in the spark gap switch at the moment the wire explodes and L is the inductance. The actual power lost in the spark switch is a tiny fraction of that emitted by the explosion of the wire.
Selection of wire size must take into consideration the electrical circuit parameters for proper timing of the optimal release of energy. I experimented with a .1mm to .3mm brass and aluminium wire about 500mm in length. The wire is sandwiched between two brass washers. A longer wire will produce more of a magnetic pulse, whilst a short wire will produce an electric one.
RFC1 RADIO FREQUENCY CHOKE
This component is necessary to keep the fast current pulse rise from the charger multiplier diodes that would otherwise be avalanched. My suggested value is about .2mH with .3uH tertiary coils. This assembly can be a single-layer close-wound winding of 150 turns for the .2mH section. Wind three turns over 1 inch for the .3uH section. Use #28 magnet wire on a 1.5 x 12" piece of polypipe.
R1 RESISTOR
Intended as a safety precaution, this resistor provides a high impedence should a short occur in the current driver output phase. Use at least 50 to 10K with at least 100W.
CHARGER
The charger for the system can be any current limited source with an open circuit voltage in excess of 50kV. The charger current rate will determine your reload time, and it needn't be that fast. If you need more then one shot, you should be bailing. A single charging cycle produces approximately 500 joules per shot (remarkably lethal) and requires reloading of the wire (personally, I use a bolt-action 'magazine' of wire cart*****s constructed from carbon terminals and the coil inside a ceramic cylinder). A 2mA current source will charge the .5mFd to 50kV in approximately 5 seconds. This is shown mathematically by t = cv/i(.5)(10e-6)(5 x (10, 000/0.2)). This rate is more them ample and there is no advantage to a high current system unless you're trying to knock F-22s out of the sky.
ASSEMBLY
My lab pulser is shown constructed from materials and parts available from any hardware store. The structure uses a combination of .75" SCH40 polypipe for the pillars and flatface endcaps for the retainers. Partitions are made from insulating material of sufficient structual integrity. I used 3/8" clear acrylic plate. it was bonded by zipties and nylon bolts, PVC cement is stronger but prevents disassembly.
The pillar and cap assemblies are attached to the partition plates using 1 x 1/4" 20 bolts and nuts, a cradle assembly fabricated from wood secures the capacitor C1 to the bottom partition.
The metal plate sections extend the terminals. These attach to the wire disrupter. You will not the four longer pillars are positioned in the corners, interspaced with shorter ones.
APPLICATION
I don't think i really have to tell you much here, now do I? This basic design can be scaled down and run on rechargable batteries, or scaled up and run off a three-phase power supply on top of mall connected to a massive satellite antenna, such as in my modified design below.